Syllabus for Associate Professor (Physiology and Biochemistry)

DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR (PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY) {GOVERNMENT HOMOEO MEDICAL COLLEGES}

PHYSIOLOGY

General physiology (3 Marks)

1. Principles of Homeostasis
2. Structure of cell membrane, Intracellular communication
3. Mechanism of transport across cell membrane
4. Body fluid compartment Blood volume
5. Apoptosis and aging

Body fluids (2 Marks)

1. Blood-Functions , composition and properties
2. Plasma proteins
3. Red Blood Cells-normal RBC count, variations
4. Haemoglobin-structure, normal hemoglobin content, function, types, abnormal Hb
5. Iron metabolism
6. Anaemia – definition, classification, investigations
7. ESR,PCV and Blood Indices
8. Hemolysis and fragility of RBC
9. White Blood Cells – Classification, morphology, life span, properties, functions
10. Normal total and differential count, variation
11. Leucopoeiesis
12. Immunity- Definition, types
13. Auto immune disorders, AIDS
14. Platelets – morphology, properties and functions, normal count
15. Haemostasis- mechanism of coagulation of blood
16. Bleeding disorders
17. Blood groups-ABO and Rh systems,
18. Blood transfusion, indication, precaution, complications, transfusion of blood components
19. Lymphatic system and lymph
20. Reticuloendothelial system and tissue macrophage

Cardiovascular system (10 Marks)

1. Functional anatomy of heart and blood vessels
2. Properties of cardiac muscle
3. Cardiac cycle-phases and events in cardiac cycle
4. General principles of circulation
5. Heart sounds-definition physiological basis
6. Radial pulse-normal pulse
7. ECG- principles of recording, uses of ECG
8. Cardiac out put-Definition, normal value
9. Heart rate
10. Arterial blood pressure – systolic and diastolic, normal values, variation
11. Regional circulation- cerebral, splanchinic, capillary, cutaneous & skeletal muscle circulation
12. Cardiovascular adjustments during exercise

Respiratory system and environmental physiology (10 Marks)

1. Organisation and functional anatomy of respiratory system
2. Mechanism of respiration- ventilation, diffusion of gases. Lung volume and pulmonary function test
3. Composition of inspired air, alveolar and expired air, partial pressure, gas
4. composition of arterial and venous blood
5. Regulation or respiration-neural and chemical control
6. Hypoxia-definition, types clinical features
7. Cyanosis, Asphyxia, Dyspnoea
8. Artificial respiration
9. Deep sea physiology, effects of exercise on respiration

Digestive system (2 Marks)

1. General organization of G.I tract
2. Composition and functions of digestive juice
3. Gastric secretion
4. Functional anatomy of stomach, pancreas, Liver, Gall bladder, Small intestine,
5. Large intestine
6. Movements of G.I tract
7. Gastro intestinal hormones
8. Role of dietary fibre, bacterial flora

Renal physiology and Skin (3 Marks)

1. Functions of kidney-homeostasis, as an endocrine organ
2. Functional anatomy of kidney and urinary tract
3. Renal circulation
4. Urine formation, renal clearence, GFR, tubular reabsorption selective secretion,
5. concentration of urine, acidification of urine, Micturition, Diuresis
6. Skin- body temperature regulation
7. Hyperthermia, hypothermia, fever, heat strokes

Endocrinology (5 Marks)

1. Name and organisation of endocrine glands in human body
2. Pituitary gland-hormones of anterior and posterior pituitary gland
3. Growth hormone-physiological actions, hypo and hyper functions
4. Thyroid gland-hormones, biosynthesis, hypo and hyper functions in children and adults
5. Parathyroid gland- PTH and physiological actions
6. Pancreas-endocrine functions, hypo and hyper functions
7. Adrenal gland-adrenocortical hormones, physiological actions of glucocorticoids,
8. mineralocorticoids and sex steroids, adrenal medullary hormones
9. Other endocrine glands

Reproductive system (10 Marks)

1. Male reproductive system-testis and its hormones, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, composition of semen, sterility
2. Female reproductive system – ovulation, ovarian hormones, pituitary gonadotropins, FSH,LH,
3. Menstrual cycle, menarche, menopause
4. Pregnancy-fertilization, implantation,
5. Placenta- functions, hormones
6. Parturition-physiology of labour
7. Lactation
8. Contraception-temporary and permanent methods
9. Fertility, infertility
10. Foetal circulation

Central nervous system (7 Marks)

1. Organisation of nervous system
2. Functional anatomy of brain and spinal cord
3. Neuron, neuroglia-functions
4. Spinal cord-functional anatomy
5. Synapses-synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators
6. Reflex action-reflex arc, components
7. Somatosensory system and somato motor system
8. Physiology of pain
9. Brainstem, Vesicular apparatus
10. Cerebral cortex
11. Thalamus – Functions
12. Hypothalamus
13. Internal capsule
14. Basal ganglia – Functions, disorders
15. Lymbic system
16. Cerebellum – Posture and equillibirium, Cerebellar lesions
17. Reticular formation – Functions
18. Proprioceptors
19. Higher intellectual functions
20. EEG and Physiology of sleep – Normal waves clinical uses CSF
21. Autonomic nerve system

Special senses (3 Marks)

1. Sensation of smell – Receptor, olfactory pathways
2. Sensation of taste – taste receptor, taste pathways
3. Vision – visual pathways, Pupillary reflexions, Errors of refraction, Colour vision,Colour blindness
4. Ear – Auditory pathways – Mechanisms of hearing, Auditory defects, deafness, Sensation of touch

Nerve Muscle Physiology (2 Marks)

1. Physiological properties of nerve fibres – Types, classification, function, degeneration and degeneration of peripheral nerves.
2. Neuron – Structure of typical neuron, types, properties of functions
3. Neuromuscular junction
4. Physiology of skeletal muscle
5. Physiology of cardiac muscle
6. Physiology of smooth muscle
7. EMG and disorders of skeletal muscle

Biophysical Sciences (3 Marks)

1. Filtration
2. Utra filtration
3. Osmosis
4. Diffusion
5. Adsorption
6. Hydrotropy
7. Colloid
8. Donnan equilibrium
9. Tracer elements
10. Dialysis
11. Absorption
12. Assimilation
13. Surface tension

BIOCHEMISTRY

Carbohydrates (10 Marks)

1. Chemistry-classification, biological importance of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
2. Metabolism-Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, Glycogen degradation, TCA, HMP, Blood Glucose Regulation, FBS, PPBS, RBS, Diabetes Mellitus, Acute and chronic complications, Estimation of blood glucose, Glycated Haemoglobin, Metabolic syndrome

Lipid (5 Marks)

1. Lipid Chemistry –Phospholipids, Essential fatty acids, PUFA – Functions of PUFA
2. Metabolism – Digestion and absorption of lipid, Beta oxidation of fatty acids, cholesterol, lipoproteins – functions of lipoproteins, apoproteins, lipid profile, Causes of fatty liver

Protein (5 Marks)

Protein Chemistry, essential amino acids, ,Metabolism – digestion and absorption of proteins, formation and fate of ammonia, urea cycle, hyperamonemia, Phenyl ketonuria, alkaptonuria

Enzymes (3 Marks)

Definition, classification, Km value and its significance, different types of enzyme inhibition, Liver profile enzymes, Bone specific enzymes, cardiac biomarkers, Pancreatic markers

Vitamins (5 Marks)

Fat soluble vitamins – daily requirement, dietary source, biological functions, deficiency disorders ,Water soluble vitamins – Thiamin, Vitamin B6, B12, Niacin, Vitamin C, daily requirement, dietary source, Biological functions, deficiency disorders

Minerals (2 Marks)

Calcium – regulation of blood calcium level, Phosphorus, Iron – Iron metabolism, Selenium, Copper, Fluoride, Sodium, Potassium – Biological functions, reference level, hypo and hyper conditions

Organ Function tests (10 Marks)

Liver Function Test, Jaundice – Classification of Jaundice, Lab investigations in Jaundice, Heme catabolism, Vanden Bergh test, Renal Function Test, Urine ,-normal volume constituents, abnormal constituents, Thyroid Function Test

NOTE: – It may be noted that apart from the topics detailed above, questions from other topics prescribed for the educational qualification of the post may also appear in the question paper. There is no undertaking that all the topics above may be covered in the question paper.