Syllabus for Professor (Pathology and Microbiology)

DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF PROFESSOR (PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY) GOVERNMENT HOMOEO MEDICAL COLLEGE

Part I : Pathology (50 Marks)

Module P.1      General Pathology

P.1.a Inflammation and repair

Acute inflammation, cellular and vascular events, healing., chronic inflammation 3 marks

P.1.b Immunity

Autoimmune diseases, SLE , graft rejection reactions 2 marks

P.1.c Hemodynamic disturbances

Edema, Shock, thrombi, emboli, hemorrhage, ischemia .infarction 6 marks

p.1.d Cell injury and adaptation

Causes and effects of cell injury, necrosis, degeneration, atrophy, , hypertrophy, hyperplasia, calcification 6 marks

P.1.e Infections

Tuberculosis, leprosy, response to infections 2 marks

P.1.f Nutrition and genetics

Vitamin A deficiency, Rickets, Scurvy, PEM, 1 mark

P.1.g Neoplasia

Features of malignancy, differences between benign and malignant, tumor production, grading and staging 5 marks

Module P.2     Regional Pathology

P.2.a Cardiovascular system

Heart failure, Infarction, Hypertension, Atherosclerosis 2 marks

P.2.b Respiratory system

Obstructive disorders, pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, pleural diseases 2marks

P.2.c Gastrointestinal system

Gastritis and ulcer, malabsorption, hemorrhoids, diarrhoeal disorders 1 marks

P.2. d Hepatobiliary

Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Gall stones 2 marks

P.2.e Kidney and MGS

Nephritis, Nephrotic syndrome, calculi, prostatitis 2 marks

P.2.f FGS and Breast

Endometritis, polycystic ovary, Fibroid uterus 1 mark

P.2. g Endocrine system

Diabetes mellitus, hypo and hyper thyroidiism, Cushing syndrome, Growth hormone defects 4 marks

Module P.3 hematology

P.3.a RBC disorders

Anemias- deficiency and hemolytic, aplastic anemia 2 marks

P.3.b WBC disorders

Leukemias – acute and chronic. Neutrophilia 3 marks

P.3.c Bleeding disorders

Platelet and coagulation defects 1 marks

Module P.4             Neurological diseases

Meningitis, stroke, degenration 2 marks

Module P.5 Bones and Joints

Infections, arthritis 1 marks

Module P.6 Skin and soft tissue disorders

Pigment disorders, hyperkeratosis, 2 marks

Part II : Microbiology (50 Marks)

MODULE 1 (10 MARKS)

General topics:

1. Introduction -History of medical microbiology – Important scientists and their contributions , Nobel laureates
2. Morphology of bacteria – prokaryote, microscopy – various types and uses, structure of bacterial cell
3. Bacterial growth curve, factors affecting bacterial growth
4.  Sterilisation and disinfection – methods – physical and chemical, Principle, procedure, application and controls of autoclave and hot air oven, Different classes of disinfectants, mechanism and uses, testing of disinfectants
5. Bacterial genetics – mutation, transformation, transduction and conjugation, plasmids, mechanisms of drug resistance in bacteria
6. Normal bacterial flora
7. Diagnostic microbiology – different staining techniques – principle, method and uses, culture media—types and uses, culture methods including anaerobic methods, Identification of bacteria – biochemical reactions and automated methods, Antibiotic sensitivity testing, Application of molecular methods in diagnosis of infectious diseases, Application of serological tests – Immunofluorescence, ELISA, Western blot
8. Pathogenesis of bacterial infections — sources, transmission, virulence factors, toxins

MODULE 2 (10 MARKS)

Immunology:

1. Immunity – innate immunity – types, mechanisms, Acquired immunity – types
2. Antigens
3. Antibody – Immunoglobulins – types, features, action , monoclonal antibodies – applications
4. Antigen – antibody reactions – types, principles, examples and applications
5. Structure and function of the immune system — central and peripheral lymphoid organs, cells of immune
   system, MHC and HLA system and its applications
6. Immune response – Humoral and cellular
7. Hypersensitivity – types (I,II,III,IV), mechanisms, examples
8. Immunodeficiency diseases – Congenital -Humoral, Cell mediated, combined and Acquired
9. Complement system – pathways
10. Immunoprophylaxis

MODULE 3(10 MARKS)
Bacteriology:

1. Gram positive cocci – Staphylococci, Streptococci, Pneumococi
2. Gram negative cocci – Neisseria
3. Gram positive bacilli – Coryne bacteria, Clostridia, Bacillus, Nonsporing anaerobes
4. Gram negative bacilli – Enterobacteriaceae ( coliforms, Salmonella, Shigella), Vibrio cholera, Pseudomonas
5.  Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae
6. Yersinia, Pasturella, Brucella, Bordetella, Haemophilus
7.  Spirochetes, Mycoplasma, Actinomycetes, Chlamydiae, Rickettsiae

MODULE 4(10 MARKS)

Mycology and Parasitology

Mycology

1. Classification of fungi, identification – stains, culture, tests used for diagnosis of fungal infection
2. Mycosis – superficial, subcutaneous, systemic, opportunistic, mycotoxicosis, mycetism

Parasitology

1. Protozoa

1. Intestinal (Entamoeba hystolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptospridum parvum)
2. Urogenital (Trichomonas vaginalis)
3. Blood and tissue (Plasmodium species, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma species, Leishmania species).

2. Helminths

1. Cestodes (tapeworms)-Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia solium, Taenia saginata,
2. Trematodes (Flukes): Paragonimus westermani, Schistosoma spp
3. Nematodes- Ancylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichura, Brugia malayi, Dracunculus medinensis, Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti.

MODULE 5(10 MARKS)

Virology:

1. Introduction – Classification of viruses , Morphology and replication of viruses , cultivation of viruses
2. DNA viruses: Bacteriophage, Pox viruses, Herpes viruses, Adenoviruses, Parvo and Papova viruses
3. RNA viruses: Picorna viruses, Orthomyxo virus, Paramyxo virus, Arbo virus, Rhabdovirus, Corona virus, Arena virus, Filo virus, Reo viridae
4. Hepatitis viruses
5. Oncogenic viruses
6. HIV
7. Prions

NOTE: – It may be noted that apart from the topics detailed above, questions from other topics prescribed for the educational qualification of the post may also appear in the question paper. There is no undertaking that all the topics above may be covered in the question paper.